ROS sources ROS are unstable oxygen-containing molecules that include radical ROS (e.g., superoxide anions [O 2 ], hydroxyl radicals [OH], peroxyl radical [ROO], alkoxyl radical [RO], carbonate radical [CO 3 ], hydroperoxyl radical [HO 2 ], nitric oxide [NO], and nitrogen dioxide [NO 2 ]) and non-radical ROS (e.g., hydrogen peroxide [H 2 O 2 ], peroxynitrite [ONOO ], hypochlorous acid [HOCl], singlet oxygen [ 1 O 2 ], ozone [O 3 ], and nitrocarbonate [ONOOCO 2 ]) [11] (Table 1)
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The phase 2a clinical trial NCT03205150 investigated licogliflozin, a dual SGLT1/SGLT2 inhibitor [92]
found that physiologically measured sleep efficiency (but not self-reported sleep efficiency) correlated with aspects of neurocognitive performance related to reaction time and executive functioning in elderly men with comorbid MDD and insomnia 16