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The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control required governments to implement a host of reforms meant to curb the power of the tobacco industry and inform consumers about the health threats posed by smoking

These substances coat the teeth and promote the adhesion of plaque and staining compounds

The nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), which reflects the ratio of the nicotine metabolites trans-3'-hydroxycotinine to cotinine, is a genetically informed biomarker that has been proven to predict smokers nicotine dependence, likelihood of achieving smoking cessation, and response to various FDA-approved cessation treatments, enabling personalized smoking cessation therapy 6,7

The PATH dataset is a longitudinal collection of self-reported and biomarker measures of tobacco use, providing a comprehensive view of individual smoking and vaping habits