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Some experts suggest that regular injections should only be used as a last resort if supplements do not work or if deficiency symptoms are severe.

PGC1alpha and mitochondrial metabolismemerging concepts and relevance in ageing and neurodegenerative disorders

2015;4:CD011076

In gastrointestinal research, a 2017 rat colitis and ischemia-reperfusion study by Duzel and colleagues in World Journal of Gastroenterology reported that a single 10 g/kg topical bath of BPC-157 to blood-deprived colon segments produced near-complete mucosal preservation by day 10, restored vessel-arcade interconnections, and normalized MDA and NO levels relative to saline controls though the abstract does not report numeric % lesion reduction or p-values