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141 In an uncontrolled trial in 690 men diagnosed with infertility and found to have low sperm motility and high sperm DNA fragmentation, 14 weeks of supplementation with a combination of 400 IU vitamin E plus 200 mcg selenium daily improved sperm motility, morphology, or both, and resulted in a 10.8% pregnancy rate after 14 weeks

A recent review article describes a novel approach for the combination of antioxidants by selecting them according to the intracellular mechanism they target throughout the three phases of sperm development [132]

146 Additionally, in order to ensure the rate of endocytosis, the optimal particle radius is preferably 2530 nm

Each step was performed by two independent reviewers and any discrepancies between reviewers were resolved through discussion or adjudication by a third reviewer