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The phospholipids used come from sunflowers

While nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein (CEBP) also contribute to a minor increase in CHAC1 transcription, their roles are less pronounced compared to ATF4 ( FIGURE 4 ATF4 and ATF3 regulate CHAC1 expression by binding to specific sites within its promoter, the ATF/cAMP response element (CRE) at position 267 and the ATF/CRE modifier (ACM) motif at 248

Recent studies point to immune imbalance as a key factor in IC/BPS, with notable chemokine overexpression and macrophage infiltration in bladder tissue 4,5,6

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