Smoking is the one risk factor that one can control
Key Points A large body of literature strongly suggests that cigarette smoke unfavourably influences all major stages of atherosclerosis as well as pathological atherothrombus formation Cigarette smoke contains oxidant compounds that cause oxidative stress in the endothelium, leading to endothelial dysfunction and injury, initiation of the atherosclerotic process, and subsequent formation of atherosclerotic plaques Cigarette smoke promotes the development of vulnerable plaques and plaque rupture by enhancing inflammation and activating matrix metalloproteinases Cigarette smoke causes platelet activation, and promotes platelet aggregation and platelet adhesion to sites of endothelial injury Exposure to cigarette smoke shifts the balance of haemostasis towards thrombus formation by enhancing blood clotting and, at the same time, reducing the fibrinolytic capacity This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution Access options Subscribe to this journal Receive 12 print issues and online access 189,00 per year only 15,75 per issue Buy this article Purchase on SpringerLink Instant access to the full article PDF
Thats why the next best step is painting, but not just with another top coat
The adventure took the traveling duo as far west as Saginaw, Michigan along crude and rugged, at times impassible roads, untamed wilderness and bad weather, sometimes requiring Indian guides
