A prior, similar study found multiple background demographic and clinical variables were associated with one or more of the outcomes of interest 13 , so sex, age, race and ethnicity, marital status, insurance status, clinic and distress level were all treated as covariates in the models tested here
For the purpose of this study, cigarettes, cigars/cigarillos, smoking tobacco, and smokeless tobacco are considered conventional products, while e-cigarettes, HTPs, and tobacco-free oral nicotine are referred to as emerging products
Cigarette smoking also is an important cause of ulcers as well as the failure of ulcer healing
The title, which is no doubt some sort of opaque metaphor, also refers to a literal bear who just shows up, because, well, why not