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In addition, efforts must be made to ensure future state laws do not introduce other forms of tobacco policy pre-emption

Dentists/Dental Assistants (Dental Board) iii

The authors estimated 30.5 to 42.1 percent of packs were trafficked.[5] Figure 1: Cigarette Smuggling Rates by State (2012) Smuggling takes many forms: counterfeit state tax stamps, counterfeit versions of legitimate brands, hijacked trucks, or officials turning a blind eye.[6] The studys authors, LaFaive and Nesbit, cite examples of a Maryland police officer running illicit cigarettes while on duty, a Virginia man hiring a contract killer over a cigarette smuggling dispute, and prison guards caught smuggling cigarettes into prisons

They foster transparency, consumer protection, and aid in the development of effective tobacco control policies