Disorder of Glutathione Metabolism
The maximum plasma concentrations (C(max)) of adducts for immediate release (IR) and extended release (ER) formulations were 0.108 (0.020) and 0.100 (0.028) nmol/mL serum, respectively, and were two orders of magnitude lower than the maximum APAP adduct levels previously reported in adults with acute liver failure secondary to APAP
A nutrient can be absorbed perfectly well, but still have poor bioavailability if: the liver uses a large portion immediately, the nutrient breaks down quickly in the bloodstream, it isnt stored properly, it cant enter cells efficiently, it isnt chemically active by the time it arrives, its used rapidly during stress, inflammation, or detoxification
Tranexamic acid is more targeted toward reducing hyperpigmentation, while Vitamin C is better suited for general skin health and reducing all visible signs of ageing, which includes pigmentation