The renal tubule cells require a high energy level for the reabsorption of the filtrate obtained by establishing energy-intensive electrochemical gradients over the apical and basolateral membrane between the filtrate and the vasculature [109,110]
This is not surprising given that MRS has been historically used to study (a) high-concentration and easily detectable metabolites at lower field strengths, such as N-acetylaspartate, choline, creatine and myo-inositol (Cleeland et al., 2019, Huibregtse et al., 2021), and (b) low-concentration non-GSH metabolites such as gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate (Runia et al., 2022)
SARS-CoV-2 proteins could sense the host cellular metabolic status and accordingly trigger human metabolic reprogramming/dysregulation (HMRD) in the infected human host
It provides protection against gastric heat and acidity, which preserves the integrity of L-glutathione and vital C