Conditions such as atrophic gastritis (thinning of the stomach lining), Pernicious anemia (which makes it harder for your body to absorb Vitamin B12), Intestinal diseases such as crohns disease, celiac disease, bacterial growth and immune system disorders such as Graves disease or lupus can lead to Vitamin B12 deficiency in the body
Hyperpigmentation, a common condition caused by sun exposure, acne scars, and other factors, can affect anyone
There are also a number of health conditions that prevent patients from being able to absorb a sufficient amount of vitamin B12 both through their diet and through vitamin supplements, making injections the only method that ensures they are not deficient
In vitro studies confirm minimal cytotoxicity with no impact on cell viability up to 100 M concentrations across multiple cell types, though higher concentrations may produce non-specific effects that could confound experimental results