This trend is associated with substantial increases in morbidity and mortality, driven by complications including type 2 diabetes (T2D), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and cardiovascular disease
Metal transport is well-modeled by the alternating states Post-Albers cycle 903 which involves two distinct conformational states, an inward-facing E1 state and an outward-facing E2 state
Fatigue is by far the main symptom, especially after minimal physical effort, but close behind are shortness of breath, headaches, tingling/numbness in the arms and legs, poor focus and concentration, ringing in ears, change in vision, loss of smell and taste, palpitations
For acute injuries, split dosing (half the daily amount every 12 hours) maintains more consistent tissue levels